同学们，吸烟正严重危害着人类的健康，尤其是像我们这样的青少年。一支小小的香烟，燃烧出来的烟雾竟含有4000多种化合物，烟雾里头有焦油、尼古丁和一氧化碳等有害物质。焦油中含有很多种致癌物，能让吸烟的人患上肺癌和其它多种疾病。烟雾里头的尼古丁能让我们上瘾，一支香烟中的尼古丁就可以毒死一只小白鼠。烟草依赖已经被世界卫生组织列为一种精神神经疾病。

我们青少年正处在身体迅速成长发育的阶段，身体的各器官系统比较稚嫩和敏感，更容易吸收烟雾里面的有毒物质，中毒更深。如果这个时候吸烟，慢慢地我们的注意力和稳定性就会有一定程度的下降，同时还会降低我们的智力水平、学习效率。吸烟还会助长去追求享乐的生活态度，诱发不良行为，甚至引发犯罪。

吸烟，危及着我们和其他人的生命，我们青少年怎样才能避免吸烟呢？首先，我们应该远离烟草。当他人吸烟时，我们应尽量劝阻；当别人诱导我们吸烟的时候，我们要学会说“不”，不要带着好奇心去尝试吸烟。同时，我们也要尽力阻止家人吸烟，告诉我们的父母，吸烟不仅危害自己的身体，更会对身边的人造成一种无形的伤害。让我们的父母也远离烟草，让我们更多人享受健康。

烟草正一步一步地损害着我们的健康，破坏我们的生活，它对于我们百害而无一利。我们作为新时代的中学生，要杜绝烟草，活出精彩！

同学们，让我们敲醒自己的警钟，拒吸第一支烟，不当新烟民，做无烟新一代！

世界著名演讲稿篇2

尊敬的各位领导，评委，亲爱的学子：

大家晚上好！

“香烟随风飘，戒烟莫忘掉”是我今天演讲的主题。

我亲爱的同学们，吸烟的兄弟们，你们有没有搞清楚自己吸烟的真正原因？有的出于公共社交的需要，有的为了减轻心理压力，而现在的我们则是为了追求时髦。而这种所谓的时髦是无形杀手，时刻危害着自己，影响他人。

同学们你们知道吗？那一支支香烟是用金钱做成的，点燃时灰白色的烟如同烈日炎炎灼照，淡灰色的烟灰如同爸妈血汗挥洒在地。他们面朝黄土背朝天，不分昼夜工作多少个小时才换来一包香烟！而今天的你们却手指夹烟，乐欢逍遥，你能对得起他们吗？更不能谈得上爱自己，爱自己的父母！拿着父母赐给我们的生命，在慢性自杀，我们的爸妈伤心啊！我们的爸妈是无辜的啊！他们爱我们啊！爸妈的心在滴血，你们知道吗？

今天，我们为了爸爸妈妈，为了他人，更为了自己，从现在开始，把烟戒掉吧！兄弟们，我相信你们，记住我，记住今天，从现在开始戒烟吧。

让香烟随风飘去，跨过我们的__大学，从此之后，向我们兄弟姐妹们说再见！发扬爱国，崇德，团结，奋进的精神。

爱国--为祖国栋梁打下基础，让香烟远离祖国；

崇德--念父母，为他人，远离香烟；

团结--手牵手，心连心，共同戒掉香烟；

奋进--把我们打下建造成绿色，文明，健康的校园！

同学们，行动吧！我的演讲完毕，谢谢大家。

世界著名演讲稿篇3

[authenticity certified: text version below transcribed directly from audio. (2)]

less than three months ago at platform hearings in salt lake city, i asked the republican party to lift the shroud of silence which has been draped over the issue of hiv and aids. i have come tonight to bring our silence to an end. i bear a message of challenge, not self-congratulation. i want your attention, not your applause.

i would never have asked to be hiv positive, but i believe that in all things there is a purpose; and i stand before you and before the nation gladly. the reality of aids is brutally clear. two hundred thousand americans are dead or dying. a million more are infected. worldwide, forty million, sixty million, or a hundred million infections will be counted in the coming few years. but despite science and research, white house meetings, and congressional hearings, despite good intentions and bold initiatives, campaign slogans, and hopeful promises, it is -- despite it all -- the epidemic which is winning tonight.

in the context of an election year, i ask you, here in this great hall, or listening in the quiet of your home, to recognize that aids virus is not a political creature. it does not care whether you are democrat or republican; it does not ask whether you are black or white, male or female, gay or straight, young or old.

tonight, i represent an aids community whose members have been reluctantly drafted from every segment of american society. though i am white and a mother, i am one with a black infant struggling with tubes in a philadelphia hospital. though i am female and contracted this disease in marriage and enjoy the warm support of my family, i am one with the lonely gay man sheltering a flickering candle from the cold wind of his family’s rejection.

this is not a distant threat. it is a present danger. the rate of infection is increasing fastest among women and children. largely unknown a decade ago, aids is the third leading killer of young adult americans today. but it won’t be third for long, because unlike other diseases, this one travels. adolescents don’t give each other cancer or heart disease because they believe they are in love, but hiv is different; and we have helped it along. we have killed each other with our ignorance, our prejudice, and our silence.

we may take refuge in our stereotypes, but we cannot hide there long, because hiv asks only one thing of those it attacks. are you human? and this is the right question. are you human? because people with hiv have not entered some alien state of being. they are human. they have not earned cruelty, and they do not deserve meanness. they don’t benefit from being isolated or treated as outcasts. each of them is exactly what god made: a person; not evil, deserving of our judgment; not victims, longing for our pity -- people, ready for support and worthy of compassion.

my call to you, my party, is to take a public stand, no less compassionate than that of the president and mrs. bush. they have embraced me and my family in memorable ways. in the place of judgment, they have shown affection. in difficult moments, they have raised our spirits. in the darkest hours, i have seen them reaching not only to me, but also to my parents, armed with that stunning grief and special grace that comes only to parents who have themselves leaned too long over the bedside of a dying child.

with the president’s leadership, much good has been done. much of the good has gone unheralded, and as the president has insisted, much remains to be done. but we do the president’s cause no good if we praise the american family but ignore a virus that destroys it.

we must be consistent if we are to be believed. we cannot love justice and ignore prejudice, love our children and fear to teach them. whatever our role as parent or policymaker, we must act as eloquently as we speak -- else we have no integrity. my call to the nation is a plea for awareness. if you believe you are safe, you are in danger. because i was not hemophiliac, i was not at risk. because i was not gay, i was not at risk. because i did not inject drugs, i was not at risk.

my father has devoted much of his lifetime guarding against another holocaust. he is part of the generation who heard pastor nemoellor come out of the nazi death camps to say,

“they came after the jews, and i was not a jew, so, i did not protest. they came after the trade unionists, and i was not a trade unionist, so, i did not protest. then they came after the roman catholics, and i was not a roman catholic, so, i did not protest. then they came after me, and there was no one left to protest.”

the -- the lesson history teaches is this: if you believe you are safe, you are at risk. if you do not see this killer stalking your children, look again. there is no family or community, no race or religion, no place left in america that is safe. until we genuinely embrace this message, we are a nation at risk.

tonight, hiv marches resolutely toward aids in more than a million american homes, littering its pathway with the bodies of the young -- young men, young women, young parents, and young children. one of the families is mine. if it is true that hiv inevitably turns to aids, then my children will inevitably turn to orphans. my family has been a rock of support.

my 84-year-old father, who has pursued the healing of the nations, will not accept the premise that he cannot heal his daughter. my mother refuses to be broken. she still calls at midnight to tell wonderful jokes that make me laugh. sisters and friends, and my brother phillip, whose birthday is today, all have helped carry me over the hardest places. i am blessed, richly and deeply blessed, to have such a family.

but not all of you -- but not all of you have been so blessed. you are hiv positive, but dare not say it. you have lost loved ones, but you dare not whisper the word aids. you weep silently. you grieve alone. i have a message for you. it is not you who should feel shame. it is we -- we who tolerate ignorance and practice prejudice, we who have taught you to fear. we must lift our shroud of silence, making it safe for you to reach out for compassion. it is our task to seek safety for our children, not in quiet denial, but in effective action.

someday our children will be grown. my son max, now four, will take the measure of his mother. my son zachary, now two, will sort through his memories. i may not be here to hear their judgments, but i know already what i hope they are. i want my children to know that their mother was not a victim. she was a messenger. i do not want them to think, as i once did, that courage is the absence of fear. i want them to know that courage is the strength to act wisely when most we are afraid. i want them to have the courage to step forward when called by their nation or their party and give leadership, no matter what the personal cost.

i ask no more of you than i ask of myself or of my children. to the millions of you who are grieving, who are frightened, who have suffered the ravages of aids firsthand: have courage, and you will find support. to the millions who are strong, i issue the plea: set aside prejudice and politics to make room for compassion and sound policy.

to my children, i make this pledge: i will not give in, zachary, because i draw my courage from you. your silly giggle gives me hope; your gentle prayers give me strength; and you, my child, give me the reason to say to america, "you are at risk." and i will not rest, max, until i have done all i can to make your world safe. i will seek a place where intimacy is not the prelude to suffering. i will not hurry to leave you, my children, but when i go, i pray that you will not suffer shame on my account.

to all within the sound of my voice, i appeal: learn with me the lessons of history and of grace, so my children will not be afraid to say the word "aids" when i am gone. then, their children and yours may not need to whisper it at all.

god bless the children, and god bless us all.

good night.

世界著名演讲稿篇4

亲爱的同学们：

“吸烟有害健康”已为人们所公认，烟草的危害是当今世界最严重的公共卫生问题之一，是人类健康所面临的最大的然而又是可以预防的危险因素。吸烟既有害自身的健康，也影响着他人的健康，在经济上更是一种极大的浪费。为了进一步提高我们未成年儿童对吸烟危害的认识，远离吸烟对我们的危害，我们提倡：“拒吸第一支烟，做不吸烟新一代”！

青少年正在长身体，智力发展正处于关键时期，对将来面临人生的重大抉择有着举足轻重的作用；你愿意自己成为未来的吸烟者吗？你希望自己成为一种疾病缠身的人，还是做一个终生健康的人呢？你愿意接受健康、科学的生活方式吗“如果选择健康，你就要充分相信，能主宰自己的心理和行为，完全可以拒绝第一支烟的诱惑，你要树立信心，不去吸烟，并赢得健康。

下面告诉大家怎样以文明礼貌而又不使自己和别人陷入尴尬的方式聚聚吸烟。

一．有人让你吸烟时：

微笑着说：不，谢谢！

说出理由或找借口拒绝吸烟；不，谢谢，我不能吸烟。

礼貌的反复谢绝，坚持不伸手接别人递送的烟。

躲开，在别人让烟时，立刻找借口暂时躲避。

二．下决心远离吸烟这一坏习惯

远离吸烟人群，与不吸烟的人在一起，为自己创造一个无烟的环境。

当家长或亲戚朋友吸烟时，请用礼貌用语劝说，让他们由少抽转为不抽，这样你还会是一个优秀的“戒烟小帮手”呢！

如果你知道哪些地方有人经常吸烟，请避开这些场所。

世界各国都在积极地倡导人们远离吸烟，并把它与吸毒联系在一起，为人类生存空间创造一个良好的环境，为了自己和他人的健康，让我们行动起来，拒绝吸烟，做不吸烟的新一代，成为一个积极向上，活泼乐观，健康快乐的同学。

世界著名演讲稿篇5

老师们，同学们：

大家好!

今年的5月31日是世界无烟日，主题是“卫生工作者和控烟”。相信每一个人都知道，烟草的危害是当今世界最严重的公共卫生问题之一，是人类健康所面临的最大的危险因素。目前全球烟民的总量已突破13亿人，每年因吸烟致死近500万人。

为此，1987年11月联合国世界卫生组织建议将1988年的4月7日定为第一个世界无烟日，以后固定为每年的5月31日。开展这项活动，目的在于警醒世人吸烟有害健康，呼吁人们放弃烟草，为人类自己创造一个健康的生存环境。

那么烟草究竟有多大危害呢?

据研究，一支香烟里含的尼古丁可毒死一只老鼠，而约一包香烟中的尼古丁能毒死一头牛。每天吸一包香烟，相当于吸入了50-70毫克尼古丁，如果一次性地服用了这些量，人足以被置于死地。除尼古丁外，点燃香烟时产生的约5000种化合物，都是导致癌症的元凶。

世界卫生组织在今年发表的一项声明中指出：“如今烟草已经成为全球的第二大杀手。吸烟所产生的破坏比非典和最近的海啸还要严重。如果维持当前的趋势不变，到年，每年将有1000万人因吸烟而过早去世。”

既然烟草有如此可怕的危害，为什么有众多的人吸烟呢分析其原因主要有两个：一是烟草中所含的尼古丁令人上瘾，使人对它产生依赖，不容易戒掉;另一个原因是大多数人还没有把吸烟看成是一个丑陋的，既害人又害己的恶习。相反，认为这是一件很有派头，很潇洒的事情。因此，吸烟的人群像滚雪球一样越滚越大，人们对它的依赖也越来越强。

然而，烟草商们说：“我们生产的烟是给那些没有知识的人，年轻的人和愚蠢的人吸的。”

我国是世界上最大的香烟生产国，也是最大的香烟消费国。全世界三分之一以上的香烟是由中国人一口一口吸掉的。而在我国的烟民中，青少年又占了很大的`一部分。对青少年来说，吸烟的危害远比想象中大得多，不仅会导致很多疾病，还会影响骨骼生长发育。

这是因为青少年正处于身体迅速成长发育的阶段，身体的各器官系统还没有发育成熟，对各种有毒物质的抵抗力不强，受烟雾的毒害也就更深，甚至可以导致早衰，早亡。

吸烟还可能使青少年养成不良的生活习惯，诱发不良行为，甚至引发犯罪。反吸烟已成为我国迫在眉睫的当务之急。为此，我国政府提出了在今后25年中，将我国的烟民总数减少1.1亿的总体目标。

为了积极响应政府的号召，更为了我们自己的健康，我们呼吁，全体同学都要自觉地远离香烟，并劝说吸烟的亲友尽量戒烟。毕竟，香烟对我们有害无益;毕竟，没有烟雾的空气会更加清新，没有烟草的生命会更加绚烂!

世界著名演讲稿篇6

亲爱的小朋友：

大家知道6月1日是什么节日吗?对，是我们最喜欢的国际儿童节。可大家知道，在儿童节的前一天5月31日也有个节日，叫“世界无烟日”，告诉我们吸烟有害健康，人人远离香烟。小小的香烟，真的有这么坏吗?让我们来听听香烟自己是怎么说的?

嗨，大家好，我叫香烟，世界上无人不知无人不晓，很多人都特别喜欢我，尤其是男士，到哪都带着我，随时点上一根。据统计，世界上迷恋我的有13亿人，其中中国人3.5亿!也就是说每3个吸烟人中就有一个是中国人。你们别看我长得小，我的本领可大了!我身体里有4000多种化合物，只要你们吸上一支，就会吸入几十个亿的颗粒，让你精神抖擞。不过，你们吸入的颗粒中有尼古丁、焦油、氨、苯等致癌物，其中焦油含有几十种致癌物，尼古丁会使人成瘾，一支香烟的尼古丁能毒死一只小白鼠，一包香烟的尼古丁就能杀死一头牛!那么我对人类有没有危害呢?世界卫生组织进行了专门调查，结果显示：因为我，引发了人类很多疾病，每年约500万人死于和我有关的疾病，也就是说全世界每6.5秒就有一个人因吸香烟而失去生命。我成了超级杀手!小朋友，你们喜欢这样的我吗?

是啊，我们都不喜欢会伤害身体健康的香烟，所以把5月31日定为“世界无烟日”，呼吁大家：为了健康，人人要掐灭手中的烟。小朋友，你们家有人爱吸烟吗?如果你爱他们的话，请做个勇敢的环保小卫士，告诉他们：“请不要吸烟，吸烟有害健康!”其实，不但吸烟的人会生病，我们小朋友如果身处在充满烟雾的`房间里，那也在被迫吸烟，香烟中的尼古丁、焦油等有毒颗粒同样会进入我们的身体里。所以当我们看到旁边有人吸烟，或者闻到有烟味时，请离开那里或者打开窗户，让有毒气体散发出去。我们幼儿园也正积极创评浙江省无烟学校，所以在幼儿园里谁也不准吸烟。小朋友们，让我们小手拉大手，积极争做环保小卫士，把“烟的坏处”讲给那些爱吸烟的人听，帮助我们爱的人戒掉香烟，拥有健康的身体!

世界著名演讲稿篇7

美联储主席伯克南普林斯顿大学毕业典礼演讲稿中英双语对照：

it's nice to be back at princeton. i find it difficult to believe that it's been almost 11 years since i departed these halls for washington. i wrote recently to inquire about the status of my leave from the university, and the letter i got back began, "regrettably, princeton receives many more qualified applicants for faculty positions than we can accommodate." 重返普林斯顿感觉不错，很难相信，我离开校园赴华盛顿已经11年了。近期我向校方询问了我的教职问题，回信称：“很遗憾，普林斯顿收到很多更有才华的学者的求职信，而教职有限。”

i'll extend my best wishes to the seniors later, but first i want to congratulate the parents and families here. as a parent myself, i know that putting your kid through college these days is no walk in the park. some years ago i had a colleague who sent three kids through princeton even though neither he nor his wife attended this university. he and his spouse were very proud of that accomplishment, as they should have been. but my colleague also used to say that, from a financial perspective, the experience was like buying a new cadillac every year and then driving it off a cliff. i should say that he always added that he would do it all over again in a minute. so, well done, moms, dads, and families. 我将在稍后献上对毕业生的最美好祝愿，首先我要恭喜在座的家长们。作为父母，我知道这年头供孩子读完大学不容易，数年前，我的一个同事有3个孩子毕业于普林斯顿，尽管他们夫妻都不毕业于此，但我的同事常说，从财政角度讲，这如同每年买辆卡迪拉克，然后让车坠崖。他总会补充说，他会毫不犹豫的选择重新来过。所以，感谢你们的工作，母亲们，父亲们，及家人们。

this is indeed an impressive and appropriate setting for a commencement. i am sure that, from this lectern, any number of distinguished spiritual leaders have ruminated on the lessons of the ten commandments. i don't have that kind of confidence, and, anyway, coveting your neighbor's ox or donkey is not the problem it used to be, so i thought i would use my few minutes today to make ten suggestions, or maybe just ten observations, about the world and your lives after princeton. please note, these points have nothing whatsoever to do with interest rates. my qualification for making such suggestions, or observations, besides having kindly been invited to speak today by president tilghman, is the same as the reason that your obnoxious brother or sister got to go to bed later--i am older than you. all of what follows has been road-tested in real-life situations, but past performance is no guarantee of future results. 这确实是做毕业典礼演讲的合适场合，我认为，在这一讲台上，每个精神导师都受到过“十诫”的教诲，我没有那样的信心，而且无论无何，觊觎邻居的驴牛已不是目前的问题，所以今年前几分钟我将提出“十个建议”，或称为对这个世界和你们毕业后的生活的十个观察。请注意，这十点与利率毫无关系。我之所以有资格提出这些建议和或观察，除了普林斯顿的善意邀请外，理由和你们讨厌的哥哥姐姐可以晚睡是一个道理：我比你们更老。以下内容均经受过生活的考验，但以往表现并不能确保未来的结果。

1. the poet robert burns once said something about the best-laid plans of mice and men ganging aft agley, whatever "agley" means. a more contemporary philosopher, forrest gump, said something similar about life and boxes of chocolates and not knowing what you are going to get. they were both right. life is amazingly unpredictable; any 22-year-old who thinks he or she knows where they will be in 10 years, much less in 30, is simply lacking imagination. look what happened to me: a dozen years ago i was minding my own business teaching economics 101 in alexander hall and trying to think of good excuses for avoiding faculty meetings. then i got a phone call... in case you are skeptical of forrest gump's insight, here's a concrete suggestion for each of the graduating seniors. take a few minutes the first chance you get and talk to an alum participating in his or her 25th, or 30th, or 40th reunion--you know, somebody who was near the front of the p-rade. ask them, back when they were graduating 25, 30, or 40 years ago, where they expected to be today. if you can get them to open up, they will tell you that today they are happy and satisfied in various measures, or not, and their personal stories will be filled with highs and lows and in-betweens. but, i am willing to bet, those life stories will in almost all cases be quite different, in large and small ways, from what they expected when they started out. this is a good thing, not a bad thing; who wants to know the end of a story that's only in its early chapters? don't be afraid to let the drama play out. 1、阿甘曾讲到人生和巧克力的相似性，你不知道下一块巧克力的味道。人生确实难以预料，任何一个认为知道其10年后情况的毕业生，更不同说三十年了，我只能说他或她缺乏想象力。看看我吧，12年前我一心教经济学入门课程，想着编造什么理由不参加教学会议，结果我接到了那个电话。有过你有机会与毕业25年、30年或40年的校友交谈，并使他们敞开心扉，他们将告诉你，他们对生活中哪些事满意或不满意，他们经历过的高潮和低谷。但我敢打赌，他们的人生故事将与预期相异。这是好事而不是坏事，谁想在故事的开篇就知道结局呢？

2. does the fact that our lives are so influenced by chance and seemingly small decisions and actions mean that there is no point to planning, to striving? not at all. whatever life may have in store for you, each of you has a grand, lifelong project, and that is the development of yourself as a human being. your family and friends and your time at princeton have given you a good start. what will you do with it? will you keep learning and thinking hard and critically about the most important questions? will you become an emotionally stronger person, more generous, more loving, more ethical? will you involve yourself actively and constructively in the world? many things will happen in your lives, pleasant and not so pleasant, but, paraphrasing a woodrow wilson school adage from the time i was here, "wherever you go, there you are." if you are not happy with yourself, even the loftiest achievements won't bring you much satisfaction. 2、是否人生偶然性之大的事实，意味着小的决定和行动无足轻重，不需要规划和奋斗呢？当然不是。无论未来人生如何，她将是一个宏大和漫长的项目，是你作为个人的发展过程。你的家人、朋友和你在普林斯顿的时光已经为你造就了良好的开端，未来你会如何？你会不断学习、竭力思索、对至关重要的问题持批判态度吗？你会成为情感上更强大、更大度、更有爱心、更道德的人吗？你会更积极的、更建设性的参与世事吗？你的人生会有很多故事，快乐的，及不太快乐的，如果你不为自己感到快乐，就连最伟大的成就业也不会让你感到满足。

3. the concept of success leads me to consider so-called meritocracies and their implications. we have been taught that meritocratic institutions and societies are fair. putting aside the reality that no system, including our own, is really entirely meritocratic, meritocracies may be fairer and more efficient than some alternatives. but fair in an absolute sense? think about it. a meritocracy is a system in which the people who are the luckiest in their health and genetic endowment; luckiest in terms of family support, encouragement, and, probably, income; luckiest in their educational and career opportunities; and luckiest in so many other ways difficult to enumerate--these are the folks who reap the largest rewards. the only way for even a putative meritocracy to hope to pass ethical muster, to be considered fair, is if those who are the luckiest in all of those respects also have the greatest responsibility to work hard, to contribute to the betterment of the world, and to share their luck with others. as the gospel of luke says (and i am sure my rabbi will forgive me for quoting the new testament in a good cause): "from everyone to whom much has been given, much will be required; and from the one to whom much has been entrusted, even more will be demanded" (luke 12:48, new revised standard version bible). kind of grading on the curve, you might say. 3、成功的概念促使我考虑所谓的精英主义及其含义。精英是在健康和基因上最幸运的人，他们在家庭支持、鼓励上，或在收入上也是最幸运的，他们在教育和职业机遇上最幸运，他们在很多方面都最幸运，一般人难以复制。一个精英体制是否公平，要看这些精英是否有义务努力工作、致力于建设更好的世界，并与他人分享幸运。

4. who is worthy of admiration? the admonition from luke--which is shared by most ethical and philosophical traditions, by the way--helps with this question as well. those most worthy of admiration are those who have made the best use of their advantages or, alternatively, coped most courageously with their adversities. i think most of us would agree that people who have, say, little formal schooling but labor honestly and diligently to help feed, clothe, and educate their families are deserving of greater respect--and help, if necessary--than many people who are superficially more successful. they're more fun to have a beer with, too. that's all that i know about sociology. 4、谁值得尊重？是那些充分利用其优势，或勇敢面对逆境的人。我想我们会认同，那些虽然接受的正式教育不多，但诚实劳动、勤勉的为家人提供衣食和教育的人，相比更多表面上很成功的人，更值得尊重，和他们喝两杯是更有趣的事情。

5. since i have covered what i know about sociology, i might as well say something about political science as well. in regard to politics, i have always liked lily tomlin's line, in paraphrase: "i try to be cynical, but i just can't keep up." we all feel that way sometime. actually, having been in washington now for almost 11 years, as i mentioned, i feel that way quite a bit. ultimately, though, cynicism is a poor substitute for critical thought and constructive action. sure, interests and money and ideology all matter, as you learned in political science. but my experience is that most of our politicians and policymakers are trying to do the right thing, according to their own views and consciences, most of the time. if you think that the bad or indifferent results that too often come out of washington are due to base motives and bad intentions, you are giving politicians and policymakers way too much credit for being effective. honest error in the face of complex and possibly intractable problems is a far more important source of bad results than are bad motives. for these reasons, the greatest forces in washington are ideas, and people prepared to act on those ideas. public service isn't easy. but, in the end, if you are inclined in that direction, it is a worthy and challenging pursuit. 5、提到政治，愤世嫉俗是批判性思考和建设性行动的更糟糕的替代品。当然，利益、金钱和意识形态都有影响力，如你在政治课上所学。但我的感受是大部分政界人士都在寻求做正确的事情，大部分时候，这由他们的观点和意识决定。在复杂及难于处理的问题上所犯的诚实错误，更是糟糕结果的主要原因，而非不良动机。因此，华盛顿最有影响的力量是观念和想法，人们基于这些观念去行动。公共服务并不轻松，如果你选择了这一道路，那是值得的，并颇具挑战性。

6. having taken a stab at sociology and political science, let me wrap up economics while i'm at it. economics is a highly sophisticated field of thought that is superb at explaining to policymakers precisely why the choices they made in the past were wrong. about the future, not so much. however, careful economic analysis does have one important benefit, which is that it can help kill ideas that are completely logically inconsistent or wildly at variance with the data. this insight covers at least 90 percent of proposed economic policies. 6、经济学是颇具诡辩性的思维领域，她在解释决策者以往所犯错误方面显得很崇高，但在预测未来时，则不仅如此。然而，谨慎的经济分析确有重要益处，她能去除那些不合逻辑或与数据不符的想法，这对90%的经济政策建议有影响。

7. i'm not going to tell you that money doesn't matter, because you wouldn't believe me anyway. in fact, for too many people around the world, money is literally a life-or-death proposition. but if you are part of the lucky minority with the ability to choose, remember that money is a means, not an end. a career decision based only on money and not on love of the work or a desire to make a difference is a recipe for unhappiness. 7、我不会告诉你们金钱无用，反正你们也不会听的。事实上，对全球很多人来说，金钱能够决定生存还是死亡。但如果你属于那些幸运得有能力进行抉择的少数人，请记住，金钱只是途径，而非最终目标。职业选择基于收入、而非热爱，或做出贡献的热情，是日后苦恼的根源。

8. nobody likes to fail but failure is an essential part of life and of learning. if your uniform isn't dirty, you haven't been in the game. 8、没有人希望失败，但失败是生活和学习的一部分。如果你衣衫整齐，你并没有进入比赛。

9. i spoke earlier about definitions of personal success in an unpredictable world. i hope that as you develop your own definition of success, you will be able to do so, if you wish, with a close companion on your journey. in making that choice, remember that physical beauty is evolution's way of assuring us that the other person doesn't have too many intestinal parasites. don't get me wrong, i am all for beauty, romance, and sexual attraction--where would hollywood and madison avenue be without them? but while important, those are not the only things to look for in a partner. the two of you will have a long trip together, i hope, and you will need each other's support and sympathy more times than you can count. speaking as somebody who has been happily married for 35 years, i can't imagine any choice more consequential for a lifelong journey than the choice of a traveling companion. 9、我希望你们能够发展自身对成功的定义，在这一过程中，你们能够选择一位亲密的伴侣。在做出选择时，要记住外表美只是人类演变的一种方式，它使我们确信对方没有肠道寄生虫。不要误解我，我也为美丽、浪漫和性所吸引，不然美国影视业和广告业怎么生存下去呢？但尽管重要，这些不是寻找人生伴侣时需要考虑的事情。你们将共同走过人生旅程，需要对方的支持和关爱。作为已婚35年的人士，我想象不到比选择人生伴侣更重要的事情。

10. call your mom and dad once in a while. a time will come when you will want your own grown-up, busy, hyper-successful children to call you. also, remember who paid your tuition to princeton. 10、时不时的给父母去个电话。早晚有一天，你希望自己长大成人的、工作繁忙的、超级成功的孩子给你来个电话，再者，请记着谁供养你上的大学。

those are my suggestions. they're probably worth exactly what you paid for them. but they come from someone who shares your affection for this great institution and who wishes you the best for the future.

congratulations, graduates. give 'em hell. 最后，毕业生们，给他们点颜色看看。

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